1. Tchonkouang et al. (2023) notes

Exploring the impact of food waste

A

• Hunger and food waste are connected problems.
• Food waste comes from consumers and the food supply chain.
• Food waste should be recovered and repurposed.

B

• Food loss and food waste are different.
• Food loss happens in production and distribution.
• Food waste happens when edible food is thrown away by people.

C

• Food waste happens at all stages of the food chain.
• In less developed countries, losses are higher in production and post-harvest stages.
• In developed countries, waste is higher at the consumer level.
• Consumer behaviour and confusion about expiry dates increase waste.

D

• Australia wastes a large amount of food every year.
• Reducing waste could save enough food to feed many people.
• Food saving has strong potential to reduce hunger.

E

• Global food waste is very high.
• Reducing waste is important for SDG goals.
• At the same time, hunger and malnutrition are increasing.
• Population growth increases food demand.

F

• Food loss and waste also cause economic and environmental problems.
• Waste reduces farmers’ profits and threatens livelihoods.
• Wasted food also wastes water, land, and energy.

G

• Reducing food loss and waste helps achieve Zero Hunger.
• It also supports other Sustainable Development Goals.
• This is important for a sustainable future.

H

• Solving hunger and food waste is necessary for food security.
• Reducing waste saves resources and lowers environmental harm.
• Preventing food loss and improving food use are key actions.

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2. Royer (2024) notes

The folly of food waste amidst food insecurity

A

• Food insecurity means people do not always have enough healthy food.
• It is a serious problem even in the U.S.
• Solving it could improve health, the economy, and society.

B

• The U.S. government began studying food security in the 1990s.
• Laws and programs were created to monitor and address it.
• Tools were developed to measure food insecurity.

C

• Food insecurity rates have changed over time.
• It was lowest in 1999 and highest in 2011.
• The 2007–2008 financial crisis increased food insecurity.
• Millions of U.S. households still struggle with food insecurity.

D

• Food insecurity harms both physical and mental health.
• It is linked to poor nutrition, disease, stress, and depression.
• Some groups are affected more than others, especially low-income families.

E

• Food waste is also a major problem.
• A large amount of edible food is wasted at retail and consumer stages.
• Better food rescue and redistribution could reduce food insecurity.

F

• Reducing food waste would also lower greenhouse gas emissions.
• Food waste contributes to climate change.
• Consumers need more education about reducing waste.

G

• The best approach is to prevent food waste first.
• If extra food cannot be avoided, it should be given to people in need.
• Redistribution is better than landfill or low-value uses.

H

• Reducing food loss and waste helps food security and the environment.
• Many actions across the supply chain can help.
• Continued effort can create a more sustainable and food-secure world.